Florida residents with oppressive and obsessive HOAs, your day of freedom may be at hand.
Homeowner associations (HOAs) were created to maintain standards, uniformity and a sense of community while collecting dues to pay for common areas, services and general neighborhood improvements. But they also tend to attract people with strong opinions about what their neighbors can do.
It seems that everyone who has lived in an HOA hasa horror storyabout petty or arbitraryfines that keep increasing, harassment, inflexible and overlyrestrictive rulesregarding the appearance of homes and lawns, the lack of budget transparency, or just the ongoing grind of living under the watchful eyes of HOAbusybodieswith tape measures and a lot of free time who care deeply about where you park.
A new bill, signed Friday by Gov, Ron DeSantis, may change all that when it takes effect July 1. Or at least make life a little more manageable.
HB 1203, Homeowners' Association, was just one of several HOA bills introduced in this year's legislative session but it may be the most sweeping one, amounting to essentially a Homeowner's Bill of Rights. Under state law, HOAs will be restricted from some of the most complained-about rules and fines and required to be more transparent. This law comes just after another one forcing HOAs to allow homeowners to harden their homes against hurricanes.
Here's what changed.
What Florida HOAs can't do to homeowners anymore
As of July 1, 2024, HOAs will be prohibited from:
- Enforcing rules on some residents but not others
- Banning homeowners or their invited guests from parking personal, business or first responder vehicles (including pickup trucks) that are not commercial vehicles in their driveways or any other area where they have a right to park per state, county and municipal regulations
- Banning contractors or workers from the homeowner's property
- Fining residents for leaving garbage cans at the curb or the end of their driveway within 24 hours of a scheduled trash collection
- Fining residents for leaving up holiday lights or decorations past the HOA's rules without prior notice, after which the homeowner will have one week to take them down
- Limiting or creating rules for the inside of a structure that isn't visible from the street, a neighbor's property, an adjacent common area or a community golf course
- Banning vegetable gardens or clotheslines, if they can't be seen from the street, a neighbor's property, an adjacent common area or a community golf course
- Require review and approval of plans for central air conditioning, refrigeration, heating or ventilation system that isn't visible from the street, a neighbor's property, an adjacent common area or a community golf course and is similar to previously approved systems
If a construction or improvement request is denied, the HOA also must provide written notice "stating with specificity" exactly why and under which rule or covenant.
Law requires HOA transparency
Every HOA must keep its official records (bylaws and amendments, articles of incorporation, declaration of covenants, current rules, meeting minutes, insurance policies, contracts, financials, budgets, tax returns, voting records, etc.) for at least seven years. Destruction of accounting records within that time is a first-degree misdemeanor.
HOAs with more than 100 parcels must post all of their rules, convenents, budgets and related documents on their websites by Jan. 1.
HOAs must provide notice and agendas for any scheduled meeting of its members at least 14 days in advance in plain sight on its website. Any document to be considered and voted on must be posted online at least seven days before the meeting.
An HOA with at least 1,000 parcels must prepare audited financial statements.
Official records must be made available to a parcel owner within 10 business days of receipt of their written request, with some restrictions on how many physical copies are permitted, or the HOA must pay damages. Violation is a second-degree misdemeanor. Refusal to comply with the intent of avoiding criminal investigations or punishment is a third-degree felony.
If an HOA receives a subpoena for records from a law enforcement agency, they must provide a copy or make them available for copying within five business days.
Every three months, a homeowner may make a written request for a detailed accounting of any and all money they owe to the association related to their parcel, and get it within 15 business days. If the board does not comply, any outstanding fines the person owes older than 30 days that they never received written notice of will be waived.
HOA director education, and bribes
A newly elected or appointed director must complete education on financial literacy and transparency, recordkeeping, levying of fines, and notice and meeting requirements within 90 days and repeat it at least every four years.
On top of that, the director of an HOA with fewer than 2,500 parcels must complete at least four hours of continuing education every year or be suspended until they do.
An HOA officer, director or manager who solicits offers or accepts kickbacks commits a third-degree felony and must immediately be removed from office.
HOA managers or management firms have to be involved and easy to find
An HOA manager or a representative of the HOA management firm must:
- Attend, in person, at least one annual member or board meeting
- Provide the name and contact information for every HOA manager or management form rep assigned to the HOA along with their hours of availability and a summary of their duties, which must be posted to the HOA's website and kept current
- Provide a copy of the contract between the manager or management firm and the HOA and keep it with the HOA records
- Complete at least five hours of continuing education on HOAs, with three hours relating to recordkeeping
What are HOAs?
A Homeowner's Association or HOA is an organization in a planned community, neighborhood subdivision or condominium building that creates and enforces rules for the properties, residents and guests. It charges fees to be used for the maintenance of the community and may levy fines against residents who violate the rules.
HOA rules are often in place to maintain conformity among the permitted architecture, color schemes, landscaping and decorations. HOAs also enforce parking restrictions, noise complaint policies, home occupancy limits,vacation rentalsand more.
Anyone buying property within the jurisdiction of an HOA automatically becomes a member of the HOA and subject to its restrictions and covenants.
